Life cycle analysis and carbon footprint of imported Huelva Strawberries
Michael Blanke*,
University of Bonn
The objective of this study was a carbon footprint as part of a life
cycle analysis (LCA) of strawberries grown in spring in Huelva, Spain
for consumption in Western Europe, using Germany as example. This is at
a time when locally-grown, forced strawberries are not yet available in
Northerwestern Europe, but consumer’s demand for fresh strawberries for
fresh fruit consumption, fruit salads, ice cream and cake.
Life cycle analysis (LCA) was performed for the amount of greenhouse
gas emissions associated with the strawberry as a product as carbon
footprint, including the emissions of the three most important GHGs
emitted from agricultural activities; carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous
oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) and used to calculate CO2 equivalents,
based on an extended BSI PAS2050 standard.
The LCA pilot project comprised the complete life cycle from the supply
of the strawberry plantlets in Spain, growing and agrochemicals,
packhouse in Huelva in transparent plastic PET punnets, truck-haul, to
the RDCs, shopping trip of the consumer, dwell time and local disposal
of the strawberrry package in Germany. A 500 g fresh strawberry package
was defined as functional unit and had a carbon footprint of ca. 450 g
CO2eq ; the largest part was attributed to the transport to the
consumer (ca. 205 g) and packhouse and the consumer shopping (65 g
CO2eq), strawberry cultivation (60 g CO2eq), while agrochemicals (40 g
CO2eq) played a minor role. This study was only made possible by joint
efforts of REWE Food Group Köln, the local 'Best alliance' extension
service Campina Verde in Huelva, the Spanish packhouses, transport
companies, local redistribution centres (RDC) and disposal experts.
This study is part of one of the largest carbon footprint pilot project
(http:www.pcf-project.de), involving 15 products, 13 international
companies, 2 universities (Bremen and Bonn) and 3 NGOs (WWF Germany,
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) and THEMA1) under
the auspice of the Institute for Applied Ecology Hamburg/Berlin with
the first results released on 27 January 2009 at Rotes Rathaus, Berlin with ca. 300 journalists. This huge pilot project and its findings and the recommendations derived contribute to a situation, in which the PCF Pilot Project Germany actively helps to shape the international debate on the determination and communication of carbon footprints. The standards and recommendations dervied from this project will be presented and open for discussion.